Tulisan Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

Please explain the differences between simple present tense and present progressive tense.

Please explain by using example. (explain at least 150 words)

SIMPLE PRESENT

	a)  Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. b)  Most animals kill only for food. c)   The world is round.	The simple present says that something was true in the past, it is true in the present, and will be true in the future. It is used for general statements of fact.
	d)   I study for two hours every night. e)   My classes begin at nine. f)   He always eats a sandwich for lunch.	The simple present is used to express habitual or everyday activity.
	g)   I have only a dollar right  now. h)  I don't recognize that man. i) He needs a pen right now.	Certain verbs are not used in the progressive tenses. With these verbs, the simple present may indicate a situation that exists right now, at the moment of speaking.

It is a form of the verb most commonly used in the English language, which is used to reveal the factual events and habitual, general or not general, instructs, or plan of schedule.

Simple Present Tense using this type of "TO BE 1" and "VERB 1" TO BE 1 consists of: am, is, are (for more information, see the following table).

I	Am
You	Are
They
We
He	Is
She
It

I	Do / Don't
You
They
We
He She It	Does / Doesn't

Note

Do and Does use the interrogative sentence.

Do not (Do not) and Does not (Does not) be used in negative sentences.

To be one (am, is, are) used when a sentence is no element of the verb (Non Verb)

(+) S + V I + (S/ES)

(-) S + DO/DOES + NOT + V I

(?) DO/DOES + S + V I

Example:

1.   (+) Father reads a news paper

(- ) Father doesn’t read a news paper

(?) Does father read a news paper?

Yes, he does/ No he doesn’t

2.  (+) Mother cooks rice

(- ) Mother doesn’t cook rice

(?) Does mother cook rice?

Yes, she doesn’t/No she doesn’t

3.  (+) I and my mother make a cake

(- ) I and my mother do not make a cake

(?) Do I and my mother make a cake?

Yes we do/No we don’t

4.  (+) He studies English on Monday

(- ) He doesn’t study English on Monday

(?) Does he study English on Monday?

Yes, he does/No, he doesn’t

5.  (+) she washes the car on Sunday

(- ) She doesn’t wash the car on Sunday

(?) Does she wash the car on Sunday?

Yes, she does/No, she doesn’t

NOTE :

Only on a positive sentence, for subject "He, She, It", the use of the verb (VERB) should end with "s / es." The addition of "s / es" to the verb base (inifinitive) are as follows:

1.      In general, the verb is directly coupled with the suffix "-s", for example:

Work – Works

Write – Writes

Speak – Speaks

2.      The verb that ends in the letters "ch, o, s, sh, x" plus the suffix "-es", for example:

Pass - Passes

Finish - Finishes

Teach - Teaches

Go - Goes

Fix - Fixes

3.      The verb that ends with the letter "y" and begins with a consonant, the suffix "y" was changed to "i" and then added "-es", for example:

Study - Studies

Carry - Carries

Cry - Cries

4.      While the verb ending in the letter "y" that begins with a vowel, simply coupled with the suffix "-s" only, for example:

Buy - Buys

Play - Plays

Say - Says

5.      When the verb beginning with the letter auxiliary verbs (Modal Auxiliaries), then do not get the extra "s / es", for example:

He Will work

She Can open

He Must close

Fungsi Simple Present Tense pada kalimat verbal

1.      Declared an act that becomes a habit or performed at certain times (Habitual Action)

Example :

We study hard everyday.

She visits the library twice a month.

2.      Expresses a common truth or reality, or a truth that is considered to occur continuously-mnerus (The General Truth).

example:

A year has twelve months.

The sun rises in the East.

Simple Present Tense function in the sentence nomial :

1.      To declare a state of ongoing current or present or acts that constitute a habit.

For Example :

I am a teacher.

They are here now.

2.      To express a general truth, but in nominal sentences is not used adverbs of time.

For Example :

Ice is cold.

Fire is hot.

Specification of time for the Simple Present Tense used are:

Every hour, every minute, every morning, everyday, in the morning, once a week, on Sunday, at five o’clock and so on.

There are three important exceptions: 1. For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary. 2. For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main verb or es to the auxiliary. 3. For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.

We use the simple present tense when: · the action is general · the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future · the action is not only happening now · the statement is always true.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

	j)    John is sleeping right now. k)  I need an umbrella because it is raining. l)    John and Mary are talking on the phone.	The present progressive ex­presses an activity that is in progress at the moment of speaking. It began in the recent past, is continuing at present, and will probably end at some point in the future.
	m)I am taking five courses this semester, n)   John is trying to improve his work habits. o)  She is writing another book this year.	Often the activity is of a general nature: something generally in progress this week, this month, this year. Note (o): The sentence means that writing a book is a general activity she is engaged in at present, but it does not mean that at the moment of speak­ing she is sitting at her desk with pen in hand.

The PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE indicates continuing action, something going on now. This tense is formed with the helping "to be" verb, in the present tense, plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending): "I am buying all my family's Christmas gifts early this year. She is working through the holiday break. Dierdre is being a really good girl in these days before Christmas".

The present progressive can suggest that an action is going to happen in the future, especially with verbs that convey the idea of a plan or of movement from one place or condition to another: "The team is arriving in two hours. He's moving to Portland this summer." Because the present progressive can suggest either the present or the future, it is usually modified by adverbs of time.

Present Progressive Tense Example Sentences

Actions that are happening now:

We are having lunch.

We are not having lunch right now.

Are you having lunch right now?

They are singing very nicely.

The kids are sleeping.

Why are the kids sleeping?

Bella is playing the guitar and Andrew is listening to her.

What are Bella and Andrew doing?

Bella and Andrew are not playing golf.

Ø Functions present progressive tense

Here is explained about some of the functions of the present progressive tense:

1.      Talk about an action that is being done now

       Example sentences present progressive tense:

a.         He is writing a report now

b.         The manager is interviewing candidates for a job

c.          I am explaining the details to my secretary

d.         The people are digging a big hole at the moment

e.         The white cow is eating green leaves

2.      Speaking about the ongoing changes

Example sentences present progressive tense:

a.       Mila is getting fatter and fatter

b.      The show is turning crowded

c.       My father is getting older day by day

d.      The students are becoming more diligent now

e.       You are becoming a responsible young man (Kamu menjadi remaja yang bertanggung jawab).

3.      Declaring an action previously agreed

Example sentences present progressive tense:

a.       The doctor is seeing her parents in Malang tomorrow afternoon

b.      I am playing badminton after class today so I cannot accompany you to the library

c.       My little brother is going to school tomorrow

d.      She is doing her homework and the phone rings

e.       We are doing math project after school

4.      Expressed frustration that occurs repeatedly

Example sentences present progressive tense:

a.    Why is that girl always criticizing me?

b.    My seatmate is always tapping her fingers on the desk when I try to stay focus

c.    They are always coming late to the meeting and that is a bad habit

d.    My brother is getting tired of me always waking up late in the morning

e.    One of my neighbors is always screaming that it annoys me a lot

1.    Form

Simple Present	Present Progressive
infinitive (3rd person singular: infinitive + 's') I speak you speak he / she / it speaks we speak they speak	form of 'be' and verb + ing   I am speaking you are speaking he / she / it is speaking we are speaking they are speaking
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 's' : §  For can, may, might, must, do not add s. Example: he can, she may, it must §  After o, ch, sh or s, add es. Example: do - he does, wash - she washes §  After a consonant, the final consonant ybecomes ie. (but: not after a vowel) Example: worry - he worries but: play - he plays	Exceptions when adding 'ing' : §  Silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee) Example: come - coming but: agree - agreeing §  After a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled. Example: sit - sitting §  After a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in British English (but not in American English). Example: travel - travelling (British English) but: traveling (American English) §  Final ie becomes y. Example: lie - lying

2.    Use

In general or right now?

Do you want to express that something happens in general or that something is happening right now?

Simple Present	Present Progressive
in general (regularly, often, never) Colin plays football every Tuesday. present actions happening one after another First Colin plays football, then he watches TV.	right now Look! Colin is playing football now. also for several actions happening at the same time Colin is playing football and Anne is watching.
Signal words
§  always §  every ... §  often §  normally §  usually §  sometimes §  seldom §  never §  first §  then	§  at the moment §  at this moment §  today §  now §  right now §  Listen! §  Look!
Note: The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present: be, have, hear, know, like, love, see, smell, think, want

Timetable / Schedule or arrangement?

Do you want to express that something is arranged for the near future? Or do you refer to a time set by a timetable or schedule?

Simple Present	Present Progressive
action set by a timetable or schedule The film starts at 8 pm.	arrangement for the near future I am going to the cinema tonight.

Daily routine or just for a limited period of time?

Do you want to talk about a daily routine? Or do you want to emphasis that something is only going on for a limited (rather short) period of time?

Simple Present	Present Progressive
daily routine Bob works in a restaurant.	only for a limited period of time (does not have to happen directly at the moment of speaking) Jenny is working in a restaurant this week.